{"id":2839,"date":"2025-07-27T11:17:18","date_gmt":"2025-07-27T11:17:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/?page_id=2839"},"modified":"2025-07-27T17:58:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-27T17:58:52","slug":"acute-and-chronic-model-induced-by-trinitrobenzenesulfonic-acid-tnbs","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/index.php\/en\/acute-and-chronic-model-induced-by-trinitrobenzenesulfonic-acid-tnbs\/","title":{"rendered":"Acute and chronic model induced by Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2839\" class=\"elementor elementor-2839\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_width_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_padding_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true},&quot;element_pack_global_tooltip_border_radius_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;top&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;right&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;bottom&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;left&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;isLinked&quot;:true}}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec76c8a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec76c8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;video&quot;,&quot;background_video_link&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/phoenixlab1.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/06\\\/Animation.mp4&quot;,&quot;background_video_start&quot;:0,&quot;background_play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-video-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-background-video-hosted\" role=\"presentation\" autoplay muted playsinline loop><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db29452 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db29452\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72bbec8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72bbec8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Acute and chronic model induced by Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299b511 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"299b511\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94f56cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"94f56cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08fbb96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"08fbb96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #cfaf7a; font-weight: bold;\">\ud83d\udd0d WHY IS IT USEFUL?<\/span><br \/>The TNBS-induced colitis model is an experimental tool used to study intestinal inflammation, particularly <span style=\"color: #cfaf7a; font-weight: bold;\"><b>Crohn\u2019s disease<\/b><\/span> and <span style=\"color: #cfaf7a; font-weight: bold;\"><b>intestinal fibrosis<\/b><\/span>, a common complication in IBD patients. It reproduces key features of human IBD and allows for the testing of <span style=\"color: #cfaf7a; font-weight: bold;\"><b>new anti-inflammatory or anti-fibrotic therapies<\/b><\/span>. We use this well-validated model in our laboratory <b><span style=\"color: #cfaf7a; font-weight: bold;\">in both mice and rats.<\/span><\/b><br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #cfaf7a; font-weight: bold;\">\ud83d\udd0d HOW DOES THE MODEL WORK?<\/span><br \/>In mice or rats, colitis is induced by administering <b>TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid)<\/b> directly into the rectum along with <b>ethanol<\/b>, which increases intestinal permeability. This combination triggers a strong inflammatory response similar to the human condition, with <b>inflammation extending through the entire intestinal wall<\/b> (transmural inflammation).<br \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mice or rats receive a <b>rectal injection of TNBS\/ethanol<\/b> under anesthesia.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the first few days, you typically observe <b>weight loss<\/b>, <b>bloody diarrhea<\/b>, and <b>clear signs of inflammation<\/b>.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The severity of symptoms depends on the mouse\/rat strain and the dose used.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The model can be induced in both <b>acute form<\/b> <b>(5\u20137 days)<\/b> through a single rectal injection of TNBS and in <b>chronic form (45\u201350 days)<\/b>, by administering TNBS in increasing doses over several weeks, as shown in the following scheme:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ff911 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c3ff911\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"238\" src=\"https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Capture26-1024x238.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2443\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Capture26-1024x238.png 1024w, https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Capture26-300x70.png 300w, https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Capture26-768x178.png 768w, https:\/\/phoenixlab1.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Capture26.png 1279w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6a0a07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a6a0a07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PARAMTERS EVALUATED<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fdb9bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fdb9bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol>\n    <li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clinical parameters: <\/span><b>Body weight loss<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Disease Activity Index (DAI)<\/b><\/li>\n    <li aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-style: inherit;\">Colon length<\/b><\/li>\n    <li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Histopathological analysis using <\/span><b>RACHMILEWITZ (1)<\/b><b> and DIELEMAN (2)<\/b><b> scores<\/b><\/li>\n    <li aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-style: inherit;\">IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSES<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. We routinely perform immunohistochemical analyses on any type of murine tissue, including intestinal tissue<\/span><\/li>\n    <li aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-style: inherit;\">ADDITIONAL ANALYSES<\/b><b style=\"font-style: inherit;\">: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sircol assay for collagen evaluation<\/span><b style=\"font-style: inherit;\">, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FACS, RNA sequencing, Metagenomics, Lipidomics, Integrated bioinformatic analyses, Multiplex Immunoassay, RT-PCR, ELISA kits for cytokines and chemokines.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eb783a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4eb783a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rachmilewitz, D. et al. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gastroenterology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2002; 122: 1428\u20131441; <\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dieleman, Palmen, Akol, et al. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Clin Exp Immunol <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1998; 114: 385\u2013391.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M: Mucosa; MM: Musculati mucosae; SM: Submucosa.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d72602 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"6d72602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a 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USEFUL?The TNBS-induced colitis model is an experimental 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